Classification of People on the Basis of IQ

⇒ IQ = Intelligence Quotient (बुद्धिलब्धि)

⇒ Albert Einstein was a German born theoretical physicist and philosopher of science whose estimated IQ score is about 160 points (अल्बर्ट आइंस्टीन जर्मनी में जन्मे सैद्धांतिक भौतिक विज्ञानी और विज्ञान के दार्शनिक थे जिनका अनुमानित IQ स्कोर लगभग 160 अंक है)

Various individual tests have been used to test the  intelligence of individuals. The two main individual  intelligence tests are the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test, the  Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (WISC) and  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for adults. (व्यक्तियों की बुद्धि का परीक्षण करने के लिए विभिन्न व्यक्तिगत परीक्षणों का उपयोग किया गया है। दो मुख्य व्यक्तिगत बुद्धि परीक्षण हैं स्टैनफोर्ड-बिनेट इंटेलिजेंस टेस्ट, बच्चों के लिए वेक्स्लर इंटेलिजेंस टेस्ट (डब्ल्यूआईएससी) और वयस्कों के लिए वेक्स्लर एडल्ट इंटेलिजेंस स्केल (डब्ल्यूएआईएस)

Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale

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Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is a measure of an individual’s cognitive abilities and problem-solving skills. In the context of Child Development and Pedagogy (CDP), understanding IQ is crucial for educators. Let’s delve into the concept:

Definition of IQ:

• IQ represents a person’s relative intelligence compared to others of the same chronological age.(IQ समान कालानुक्रमिक आयु के अन्य लोगों की तुलना में किसी व्यक्ति की सापेक्ष बुद्धि का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।)
• It is calculated using the formula

  IQ=Chronological Age/Mental Age​×100

Here, Mental Age (MA) refers to the level of cognitive functioning demonstrated by the child, while Chronological Age (CA) is the actual age of the child. (मानसिक आयु (MA) बच्चे द्वारा प्रदर्शित संज्ञानात्मक कार्यप्रणाली के स्तर को संदर्भित करती है, जबकि कालानुक्रमिक आयु (CA) बच्चे की वास्तविक उम्र है।)

Theories of Intelligence

Various theories attempt to explain intelligence, including:

• Stanford-Binet Theory: This theory emphasizes the relationship between mental age and chronological age in determining IQ.(यह सिद्धांत IQ निर्धारित करने में मानसिक आयु और कालानुक्रमिक आयु के बीच संबंध पर जोर देता है।)
• Thorndike’s Theory: Thorndike proposed that intelligence involves practical problem-solving abilities. (थार्नडाइक ने प्रस्तावित किया कि बुद्धिमत्ता में व्यावहारिक समस्या-समाधान क्षमताएँ शामिल होती हैं।)
• Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory: Spearman suggested that intelligence comprises a general factor (g) and specific factors (s). (स्पीयरमैन ने सुझाव दिया कि बुद्धि में एक सामान्य कारक (जी) और विशिष्ट कारक शामिल होते हैं।)

IQ Tests and Classification:

• IQ tests assess cognitive abilities across different domains.
• Classification based on IQ scores:
  • Very Superior: IQ above 130
  • Superior: IQ between 120 and 129
  • Average: IQ between 90 and 109
  • Below Average: IQ between 70 and 89
  • Intellectual Disability: IQ below 70

     

Application in Education:

• Understanding IQ helps educators tailor teaching methods to individual needs.
• It informs decisions related to special education, enrichment programs, and academic support.

Levels of Ability  

Levels of ability of gifted and talented children vary  over a range of IQ from 130 upto 200. Accordingly,  they have been classified in levels of giftedness  differently by different educational psychologists.  One such classification (WISC – IV, 2008) is given  below 

Some Question For Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Q. A creative child may be poor in  

• Religious values  
• Social values  
• Aesthetic values  
• None of the above  

Q. Positive correlation is found  between creativity and  

• Intelligence  
• Achievement  
• Aesthetic values  
• None of the above  

Q. Who propounded the Two factor  Theory of Intelligence

• Spearman 
• Thorndike  
• Guilford 
• Catell 

Q. Which of the following is not a  ‘primary mental ability’,  according to Thurstone

• Arithmetic ability  
• Associative memory  
• Thinking speed  
• Inductive reasoning  

Q. The Fluid and Crystallised  Intelligence theory was developed  by  

• Sternberg and Binet  
• Cattell and Horn  
• Binet and Simon  
• None of the above  

Q. Crystallised intelligence depends on  

• Neurological development  
• Physical development  
• Learning and experience  
• None of the above

Q. A child of 16 years scores 75 in an  IQ test his mental age will be ......  years. [CTET Nov 2012]  

• 15 
• 12 
• 8 
• 14  

Q. IQ scores are generally .....  correlated with academic  performance. [CTET Nov 2012]  

• Moderately 
• Least  
• Perfectly 
• Highly

Q. Which of these does not imply  practical intelligence in the  Triarchic theory? [CTET Feb 2015]  

• Re-shaping the environment  
• Thinking practically about oneself only  
• Choosing an environment in which you  can succeed  
• Adapting to the environment  

Q. Intelligence is [CTET Feb 2016]  

• A set of capabilities  
• A singular and generic concept  
• The ability to imitate others  
• A specific ability

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